| Lesson 22 "Volunteer Families" |
| Words & Phrases | Paraphrasing |
| deprived | poor, without enough food or adequate housing or education |
| deduct | subtract or take away from a total |
| tax deductible | able to be deducted from taxable income |
| on a case-by-case basis | according to the circumastance or situation cf. on a first-name basis |
| extend beyond | go beyond |
| at the grassroots level | on a local level, at the very base level |
| candidate | a person who applies for a job, a person taking an examination |
| stipulate | demand, require, specify |
| update | (n.) an updated version or an act of updating |
| solid | reliable, dependable, firm, stable |
| drinkable | potable |
| vaccinate | treat with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease |
| comprehensive | including all or nearly all aspects of something, wide-ranging |
| needy | lacking the necessities of life, very poor or underprivileged |
| hand something out | distribute something among a group of people |
| (n.) handout | an amount of money given to a needy person or organization a piece of printed information provided free of charge to accompany a talk or lecture |
| a roster of | a list of names, a list or plan showing turns of duty |
| empower | give authority or power to |
| sustain | strengthen or support physically or mentally |
| on the rise | increasing, |
| heal | make or become sound or healthy again |
| close to home | accurate to the point that one feels uncomfortable |
| occasional | occurring infrequently or irregularly |
| coordinate | organize or facilitate something to handle or arrange the details in some way |
| do good | help often by volunteering cf. a do-gooder…someone who helps too much, perhaps when the help isn't wanted |
| litter | trash or rubbish that is thrown on a street or in a park cf. litterbug = a person who litters |
| civic duties | a duty or responsibility as a citizen |
| sign of the times | an event or thing that symbolizes the current times |
| opt | make a choice, |
| pitch in | join in enthusiastically with a task or activitiy |
| steam | momentum, impetus cf. gather [pick up] steam ⇔ run out of steam |
| a barrage of | a barrage of questions, a barrage of criticism (= a plethora of, a deluge of, a food of ) |
| celebrity | a person who works hard all his life to become well known, and then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized. |
| snowball effect | increasing or expanding at fast rate |
| come out of thin air | suddenly appear, (=come out of nowhere, come out of the blue) |
| get into the act | become involved in a particular activity |
| stir up | agitage, stimulate, |